Monterey Bay, California is a popular destination for watching all manner of marine life, but especially whales.
In this post we discuss the character of whale-watching in this location, including which whales you might see, when you might see them, and the best places to look for them.
Along the way we’ll provide helpful tips so you can get the most out of your experience while keeping safe and playing nice with the wildlife (by not really playing at all).
Table of Contents
Where is Monterey Bay, California?
Monterey Bay is located on the central coast of California, USA. It is situated approximately 120 miles (193 kilometers) south of San Francisco and 350 miles (563 kilometers) north of Los Angeles.
The bay itself is part of the larger Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, known for its diverse marine life and natural beauty.
Which Whales (and Other Marine Life) Can I See at Monterey Bay?
Monterey Bay is recognized for its marine biodiversity, and whale watching is a popular activity in the area. As such, you can observe several whale species in Monterey Bay, including:
Humpback Whales
Humpback whales are frequently seen in Monterey Bay, especially during the summer and fall months. They are known for their acrobatic displays, such as breaching and tail-slapping.
Blue Whales
The blue whale, the largest animal on Earth, can also be spotted in Monterey Bay. These majestic creatures are most commonly seen during the summer and early fall, as they feed on the abundant krill in the bay.
Gray Whales
Gray whales are often seen during their annual migration along the Pacific coast, passing through Monterey Bay. Their migration takes place twice a year, with southbound whales passing through from December to February and northbound whales from mid-February to April.
Orcas (Killer Whales)
Although less common than other whale species, there have been sightings of orcas in Monterey Bay. These intelligent predators occasionally visit the area in search of prey, such as marine mammals or sharks.
In addition to whales, you may also encounter other marine species during your kayak excursion into the bay. These might include sea otters, dolphins (such as the common dolphin and Risso’s dolphin), harbor seals, California sea lions, and various seabirds like pelicans, cormorants, and gulls.
Why Do Whales Go to Monterey Bay?
Whales descend upon Monterey Bay for several key reasons:
Upwelling
Monterey Bay experiences a phenomenon called upwelling, where nutrient-rich waters from the deep ocean rise to the surface. These nutrients fuel the growth of phytoplankton. This phytoplankton forms the base of the marine food chain.
The abundance of phytoplankton attracts small fish, which in turn attract larger fish, creating a chain reaction that ultimately lures whales to the area in search of a big meal.
Krill Blooms
Krill, small shrimp-like crustaceans, are a vital food source for many whale species, including humpback whales and blue whales.
Seasonal blooms of krill emerge in Monterey Bay, particularly during the summer and fall months.
When the krill populations peak, whales come to the bay to take advantage of this bounty of food in a concentrated area.
Migration Routes
Monterey Bay sits along the migratory routes of several whale species.
For example, gray whales undertake an annual migration between their feeding grounds in the Arctic and their breeding grounds in Mexico. During their journey, they pass through Monterey Bay. The bay provides a sheltered area for whales to rest, feed, and nurse their young.
Deep Submarine Canyon
Monterey Bay features a deep underwater canyon known as the Monterey Canyon, one of the largest submarine canyons in the world.
(A submarine canyon is a steep-sided, V-shaped valley found on the ocean floor. It’s like a canyon found on land, but underwater.)
The canyon acts as a nutrient trap, channeling and concentrating food resources. Whales often pay Monterey Bay a visit because of these areas of increased productivity, where food is abundant and easy to get.
These factors combine to create a favorable environment for whales, making Monterey Bay a prime location for observation.
What Time of the Year is Best to See Whales at Monterey Bay?
The best time of year to go kayak whale watching in Monterey Bay, varies depending on the species you are interested in observing. Here is a general guideline:
Humpback Whales
You can frequently sight Humpback whales in Monterey Bay from April to December, with the peak season typically occurring from July to October. During this period, humpback whales migrate to the area to feed on the abundant krill and fish.
Blue Whales
The best time to see blue whales in Monterey Bay is during the summer and fall months, from June to October. These months coincide with the peak abundance of krill, which serves as their primary food source.
Gray Whales
Observe Gray whales in Monterey Bay during their annual migration. Southbound gray whales pass through the area from December to February, while northbound whales typically do so from mid-February to April. These periods provide opportunities to witness their remarkable journey along the Pacific coast.
What are the Kayak Paddling Conditions at Monterey Bay?
Here are some key factors to consider about Monterey Bay paddling conditions:
Weather
The weather conditions in Monterey Bay can vary throughout the year.
Summers are generally milder, with average temperatures ranging from the 60s to the 70s Fahrenheit (15-25 degrees Celsius).
Winters can be cooler, with temperatures ranging from the 50s to the 60s Fahrenheit (10-20 degrees Celsius).
Wind and Currents
Monterey Bay experiences a range of wind and current conditions, which can vary depending on the time of year and specific location within the bay. Consult the local sources before putting-in.
Wind
The prevailing winds in Monterey Bay are influenced by several factors, including the time of year and the diurnal pattern (2x-per day).
During the summer months, the wind pattern is often characterized by lighter winds in the morning, with increased intensity in the afternoon, as the land heats up and creates a thermal effect. These afternoon winds are commonly referred to as the “sea breeze” and can result in wind speeds of around 10 to 20 knots (11 to 23 mph).
In contrast, during the winter months, the wind pattern tends to be influenced by storms and weather systems passing through the region. This can result in more unpredictable wind conditions, including stronger winds and gusts.
Currents
Monterey Bay experiences a variety of currents, influenced by tidal flows, upwelling events, and other characteristics of the ocean. The direction and strength of currents can vary throughout the day.
It’s worth noting that currents can be stronger near the mouth of the bay and weaker in the protected areas closer to shore.
California Current
One important current in Monterey Bay is the California Current This is a cold-water current that flows southward along the California coast. The California Current brings nutrient-rich waters from the north and contributes to the vitality of the ecosystem in Monterey Bay.
Tidal Currents
Additionally, tidal currents play a role in the bay. Monterey Bay experiences semi-diurnal tides, with two high tides and two low tides each day. During the tidal changes, currents can be more noticeable, especially around the entrances and narrow channels.
It’s advisable to consult local tide charts and current predictions specific to the dates and times of your kayaking trip.
Consult National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), popular apps: ‘Tides Near Me, My Tide Times, as well as local harbor and marina resources for information on local tides.
Swells and Waves
Monterey Bay is exposed to the open ocean, and swells and waves can occur, particularly near the bay’s entrance. You’ll need some paddling experience under your belt to feel comfortable in this environment.
Fog
Fog can occasionally roll into Monterey Bay, reducing visibility and making navigation more challenging.
Marine Traffic
Monterey Bay is a popular area for various water activities, including boating and commercial vessels. Be mindful of other watercraft in the area and follow all boating regulations and guidelines. Stay alert and maintain a safe distance from larger vessels.
Boating Rules and Regulations in Monterey Bay
Familiarize yourself with the following rules and regulations for boating in Monterey Bay before putting-in:
California State Law. As a kayaker, you are a vessel operator and must follow the boating laws of California. Familiarize yourself with the California Boating Law as upheld by the California Division of Boating and Waterways, which includes rules related to vessel operation, navigation, equipment requirements, and safety.
Personal Flotation Device (PFD). California law requires all kayakers to have a U.S. Coast Guard-approved wearable life jacket (PFD) readily accessible for each person on board. While you don’t technically have to, you really should wear your PFD at all times while on the water.
Navigational Rules. Kayakers must follow the “rules of the road” and navigate safely to prevent collisions with other vessels. Be aware of the right-of-way rules, understand the meaning of navigation markers, and practice safe navigation techniques.
Vessel Lighting. If you are kayaking during low visibility conditions, such as at night or during periods of reduced visibility, you must have appropriate lighting on your kayak. This includes a white light that is visible in all directions that you display when underway or at anchor.
Avoid Restricted Areas. You’ll find restricted areas or marine protected areas within Monterey Bay. Familiarize yourself with any specific regulations or restrictions applicable to the areas you plan to paddle in, such as wildlife sanctuaries, marine reserves, or restricted access zones.
Stay Clear of Shipping Lanes. Monterey Bay is a busy area for commercial vessels. Be aware of designated shipping lanes and stay clear of these areas to avoid potential hazards. Monitor your surroundings for larger vessels and give them the right-of-way.
Worried, about avoiding shipping lanes?
Remember that buoys and beacons are used to designate the edges of shipping lanes. They might be shaped as cones, cans, or pillars, depending on the particular shipping lane.
They are also color-coded with red denoting the port side and green the starboard side, when heading towards land.
Also, fairway buoys are often placed at the entrances of critical portions of shipping lanes.
In some cases, fixed and/or floating navigational light are used to mark lanes – particularly ones that receive nighttime activity.
If you are still worried that the marking and lighting resources won’t be sufficient to keep you out of the shipping lanes, then source a nautical chart (from: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Maptech, Navionics, or Bluewater Books and Charts) that provides detailed information about shipping lanes.
Environmental Considerations. Keep a safe distance from marine mammals, such as whales, seals, and sea otters, to avoid disturbing them.
Monterey Bay is part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and it’s important to follow guidelines for responsible wildlife viewing.
Where exactly Might I See Whales at Monterey Bay?
Here are some specific areas with a higher probability of whale activity in Monterey Bay:
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
The entire Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, which encompasses approximately 6,094 square miles (15,783 square kilometers), provides a habitat for various whale species.
While the specific locations where you might spot whales can vary, the sanctuary’s productive ecosystem supports whale populations from tip-to-tail.
Moss Landing
A known hot spot for whale watching is Moss Landing, located at the southern end of Monterey Bay. The underwater canyon and upwelling in the area attract a significant amount of marine life, including whales.
The Moss Landing Harbor area is a common departure point for whale watching boat tours.
Monterey Bay Coastal Trail
The Monterey Bay Coastal Trail is a popular pathway that stretches along the coastline, offering scenic views of the bay. While walking or biking along the trail, keep an eye out for whale spouts and surface activity. You may be able to spot whales from various points along the trail.
Where are the Best Kayak Put-In Locations at Monterey Bay?
There are several excellent kayak put-in locations in and around Monterey Bay that provide access to the water for kayaking and whale watching.
Moss Landing North Harbor
Launch at Moss Landing in the northern end of Monterey Bay. There you’ll find easy access to the bay and its abundant marine wildlife.
There are multiple kayak rental companies and launch areas in the vicinity.
One popular spot is located at the end of Jetty Road in Moss Landing. Approximate address: Jetty Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039.
Monterey Breakwater Cove
Located within the Monterey Harbor, the Breakwater Cove provides a protected area for launching kayaks. It offers calm waters and easy access to the bay.
To reach the kayak launch area, head to the end of Cannery Row in Monterey, and you will find the breakwater. Approximate address: 32 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940.
Lover’s Point
Situated in Pacific Grove, Lover’s Point is a scenic coastal park with a beach and a designated kayak launch area.
The kayak launch area is located on the east side of the beach. Approximate address: 630 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950.
Santa Cruz Harbor
Although not directly in Monterey Bay, the Santa Cruz Harbor provides access to the bay from the Santa Cruz area.
It has designated kayak launch areas and offers facilities for kayakers. To reach the harbor, head to 135 5th Ave, Santa Cruz, CA 95062.
Which are the Best Guided Kayak Whale Watching Tour Operators at Monterey Bay?
Here are some reputable guided kayak tour operators working in Monterey Bay:
Kayak Connection
Kayak Connection offers guided kayak tours out of the Santa Cruz Harbour. Their knowledgeable guides provide insights into the local marine life and ensure a safe and educational experience.
Tours that venture past the harbor mouth have the highest probability of encountering whales, but require previous sea-kayaking experience to manage winds and current.
Prices start at $125+ for Santa Cruz Wildlife Tour.
1 (831) 479-1121
Monterey Bay Kayaks
Monterey Bay Kayaks offers guided kayak tours that depart from Monterey. The 2.5 hour tour that ventures beyond the harbor to the kelp beds gives you the best chance of spotting whales, not to mention sea otters, harbor seals, sea lions and dolphins.
Prices start at $68+ for 2.5 hours.
1 (831) 373-5357
Blue Water Ventures
Blue Water Ventures offers naturalist-led field trips for students and adults.
The Whales and Wildlife by Kayak tour puts in at Moss Landing with a plan to paddle through the calm water of the North Moss Landing Harbor and, conditions permitting, paddle offshore in search of whales and other wildlife of Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.
Prices start at $85+ per tour.
1 (831) 459-8548
What are the Actual Whale Watching Rules I Should Know?
Find the federal rules and guidelines for observing marine wildlife in the following resources:
Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)
The Marine Mammal Protection Act is a federal law that provides protection for marine mammals, including whales, seals, and dolphins.
The MMPA prohibits the harassment, hunting, capturing, or killing of marine mammals in U.S. waters. It also sets guidelines for maintaining a safe distance from marine mammals and outlines penalties for violations.
The full text of the MMPA can be found on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website.
Endangered Species Act (ESA)
The Endangered Species Act is another federal law that protects endangered and threatened species, including certain populations of whales. It prohibits activities that may harm or harass these protected species.
Information on the ESA and its application to specific whale species can be found on the website of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
NOAA Fisheries Guidelines
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, under the authority of the MMPA, provides guidelines and regulations for whale watching and marine mammal viewing.
These guidelines aim to promote responsible and respectful wildlife viewing practices. They include specific instructions on maintaining a safe distance, avoiding disturbance, and minimizing impacts on marine mammals.
You can access the NOAA Fisheries’ guidelines on their website.
Now, let me distill some of the key rules, guidelines, and conventions you ought to consider when whale watching in Monterey Bay.
Maintain a Safe Distance
Federal law requires vessels to maintain a minimum distance of 100 yards (91 meters) from whales and other marine mammals. Approach them cautiously and avoid any behaviors that could disturb or alter their natural behavior.
If the whales approach your kayak, maintain a passive presence and allow them to dictate the interaction.
No Harassment
Don’t engage in any activities that may harass, chase, or disrupt the whales or other marine mammals. Avoid sudden or abrupt movements, excessive noise, or any behavior that may cause stress or disturbance to the animals.
It is possible that marine wildlife might harass you. They’re not bound by the same rules and regulations so, caveat emptor.
Speed Restrictions
When within 300 feet (91 meters) of a whale, you’re required to approach at a speed below 10 knots. Approach at slower speeds to minimize the risk of collisions and disturbance to the animals.
No Feeding or Luring
Don’t feed or attempt to attract whales or any other marine mammals. Feeding can disrupt their natural feeding behaviors and can have negative impacts on their health and well-being.
Be Mindful of Other Wildlife
While whale watching, be considerate of other marine life in the area. Avoid getting too close to seals, sea lions, seabird colonies, or any other wildlife, as it can disturb their behavior or cause them to abandon their nests or haul-out sites.
Reduce Noise and Engine Use
Minimize noise and engine use during whale encounters. This includes turning off your engine or paddling quietly when in close proximity to whales. Excessive noise can disturb and stress the animals.
Report Sightings
If you encounter any injured, entangled, or distressed marine mammals, or witness any violations of whale watching guidelines, report them to the appropriate authorities, such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or local wildlife agencies.
Where are the Areas I Can’t Kayak?
In certain areas within Monterey Bay, California, you can’t paddle your kayak.
Authorities typically designate these areas to protect sensitive habitats, wildlife, or ensure public safety.
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
Monterey Bay has several Marine Protected Areas established to conserve and manage marine resources. These areas may have specific restrictions on fishing, diving, and other activities, including kayaking, to protect sensitive ecosystems and wildlife.
Among the Marine Protected Areas are:
Point Lobos State Marine Reserve
Located just south of Monterey Bay, Point Lobos State Marine Reserve is a protected area that encompasses the coastal waters and shorelines. It is known for its diverse marine life, kelp forests, and underwater habitats.
Pacific Grove Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area
This MPA is situated along the coastline of Pacific Grove and encompasses the intertidal zone and nearshore waters. It serves to protect the diverse array of marine species found in the area.
Carmel Bay State Marine Conservation Area
Located in the southern part of Monterey Bay, Carmel Bay State Marine Conservation Area extends from Carmel River State Beach to Stillwater Cove. It safeguards the rocky reefs and nearshore habitats, supporting a variety of marine life.
Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area
Positioned in the northern part of Monterey Bay, the Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area protects the underwater canyon and surrounding habitats. It provides refuge for a range of marine species.
Año Nuevo State Marine Reserve
Situated north of Monterey Bay, Año Nuevo State Marine Reserve encompasses the waters surrounding Año Nuevo Island. This MPA offers protection to a diverse array of marine life including elephant seals.
For each of the above MPAs, the following activity restrictions apply:
- No Fishing or Harvesting
- No Removal of Natural Resources
- No Disturbance of Wildlife
- No Diving or Snorkeling
- Stay on Designated Trails
Worried about identifying Marine Protected Areas? Here are some of the ways that you can recognize them:
Signage
Many MPAs in Monterey Bay have signs located at their boundaries or entry points to inform visitors about the protected area and its regulations. These signs may display the name of the MPA, boundaries, and specific rules or restrictions that apply.
Buoys
Some MPAs utilize buoys to mark their boundaries, particularly in offshore areas or locations where the MPA extends beyond the shoreline.
These buoys may be anchored and labeled with signage or markers indicating the name of the MPA and any specific information about restrictions or regulations.
Online Resources
Official websites, such as those of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) or the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, provide detailed information and maps of the MPAs in Monterey Bay.
Aside from Marine Protected Areas, there are other locations in which kayaking is prohibited or otherwise highly controlled.
Wildlife Refuges and Sanctuaries
Monterey Bay sports wildlife refuges and sanctuaries, including the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve and the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. These areas have specific regulations and/or restricted zones to safeguard critical habitats and wildlife.
Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve paddling restrictions
Stay in Designated Waterways: Paddle within designated waterways and channels within the estuarine reserve. Respect any signs or markers indicating restricted or off-limits areas.
Wildlife Disturbance: Avoid disturbing or harassing wildlife while paddling. Maintain a safe distance from animals, especially during critical periods such as nesting or breeding seasons.
No-Wake Zones: Some areas within the estuarine reserve have designated no-wake zones or speed restrictions. This means paddlers should operate their kayaks at a slow speed to prevent excessive wake and minimize disturbances to the ecosystem.
Respect Research Areas: Estuarine reserves support scientific research and monitoring activities. Authorities designate some areas as research sites and/or sensitive study areas. Respect these areas and avoid entering or disturbing them to ensure the integrity of research efforts.
Leave No Trace Principles: Practice Leave No Trace principles while kayaking in the estuarine reserve. Minimize your impact on the environment by avoiding littering, respecting vegetation and shoreline areas, and packing out any trash or waste.
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary paddling restrictions
The Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) encompasses a large area along the central California coast, including Monterey Bay, with guidelines for paddlers that visit these areas
Respect Protected Areas: The MBNMS has designated protected areas, such as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and other conservation zones, within its boundaries.
Wildlife Disturbance: The MBNMS is home to a diverse range of marine wildlife, including protected species and sensitive habitats. Avoid disturbing or harassing wildlife while kayaking.
Maintain a safe distance from animals, including seals, sea lions, and birds, to minimize disturbance.
Vessel Traffic: Be aware of vessel traffic regulations within the MBNMS. Stay clear of shipping lanes, observe any speed limits or no-wake zones, and be cautious of larger vessels when paddling in areas shared with boat traffic.
Avoid Sensitive Habitats: Take care to avoid sensitive habitats, such as seagrass beds, kelp forests, and rocky reefs, when kayaking. These areas are critical for the ecosystem and require protection from disturbances.
Leave No Trace Principles: Practice responsible kayaking by adhering to Leave No Trace principles. Minimize your impact on the environment by avoiding littering, respecting vegetation and shoreline areas, and packing out any trash or waste.
Parting Thoughts About Kayak Whale Watching at Monterey Bay, California
Whale watching on a kayak in Monterey Bay, California offers an immersive experience that allows you to get closer to the marine life.
Intimate and Low-Impact Experience
Kayaking provides a more intimate and low-impact way to observe whales compared to larger boats. Being at water level and in a quiet vessel allows for a more personal encounter. In fact, you can often hear their blows and witness their behaviors up close.
Agility and Maneuverability
Kayaks offer greater agility and maneuverability, allowing you to navigate through smaller channels and get closer to marine wildlife in areas that larger vessels cannot access. This can provide opportunities for unique encounters and close-up views of whales and other marine animals.
Enhanced Sensory Experience
Kayaking enhances your sensory experience of whale watching. You can feel the gentle rocking of the kayak on the water, hear the sounds of the ocean, and smell the salty sea air. These sensory elements add to the overall immersive nature of the experience.
Wildlife Diversity
While whales are a key attraction, kayaking in Monterey Bay also allows you to observe a diverse range of other marine wildlife like sea otters, seals, sea lions, dolphins, and various seabirds. There is lots of this to see and experiences to be had.
It’s worth noting that kayaking in Monterey Bay for whale watching requires proper planning, adherence to regulations, and consideration for the safety and well-being of the whales and other wildlife.
Proximity to Shore
Monterey Bay is relatively close to the shoreline, which means that you don’t have to venture far out into the open ocean to have encounters with whales. This proximity offers the opportunity for more accessible and frequent sightings.
Kayak whale watching in Monterey Bay is an adventure where you can get really close to whales and see them in their natural habitat. It’s a thrilling experience that lets you explore the ocean and learn about marine life while having fun paddling in your kayak.