Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick is a recognized location for observing whales while paddling around in a sea kayak.
In this post I discuss the unique characteristics of kayak whale watching in Bay of Fundy.
During the journey, I highlight the types of whales you might see, as well as when they are most commonly present.
Importantly, I also examine the unique risks posed by the enormous tides found in Bay of Fundy and how to navigate them safely.
Table of Contents
Where is Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick?
The Bay of Fundy is a large body of water located between the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in eastern Canada. Specifically, in New Brunswick, it stretches along the southern coastline of the province.
The bay is renowned for having the highest tides in the world, which is a result of its unique shape and geography. While these tides are insanely cool, they also pose risks to folks that like to play in them.
Which Whales (and Other Marine Life) Can I See at Bay of Fundy?
At the Bay of Fundy, you can see several whale species as well as other marine life. Some of the whales commonly spotted in the bay include:
Humpback Whales
Humpback whales are known for their acrobatic displays, including breaching and tail slapping. They visit the Bay of Fundy during the summer and fall months.
Fin Whales
Fin whales, the second-largest whale species, can also be seen in the bay. They have a streamlined body and are known for their long, slender appearance.
Minke Whales
Minke whales are smaller in size compared to other whales but are still impressive to observe. They are known for their speed and agility.
North Atlantic Right Whales
The endangered North Atlantic right whales visit the bay during certain times of the year. They are known for their curious appearance, with a stocky body and distinctive skin patches on their head.
Apart from whales, you may also encounter other marine life such as dolphins, seals, porpoises, and various species of fish.
Why Do Whales Go to Bay of Fundy?
Whales are attracted to the Bay of Fundy for several reasons:
Lots of of Food
The Bay of Fundy is a rich feeding ground due to its unique characteristics.
The bay experiences extreme tides, which bring in nutrient-rich waters from the Gulf of Maine. These nutrient-rich waters support a variety of small fish, crustaceans, and plankton that serve as food for whales.
Tidal Energy
The bay’s tidal movements create strong currents and mixing of water, which help distribute nutrients and stimulate the growth of marine life. Whales seek out locations with lots of food in condensed spaces.
Suitable Habitat
The Bay of Fundy provides suitable habitat for different whale species. It offers sheltered areas, shallow waters, and plenty of food. This makes it an ideal place for whales to rest, socialize, and most importantly, eat.
Migration Path
The Bay of Fundy is located along the migratory routes of many whale species. Whales travel long distances between their summer feeding grounds and winter breeding grounds. The bay acts as a stopover or feeding ground during these journeys.
Calf Rearing
Some whale species, such as the North Atlantic right whale, use the Bay of Fundy as spot to give birth and nurse their offspring. The protected waters and ample food resources make it a suitable environment for mother whales to give birth and nurse their calves.
What Time of the Year is Best to Go Kayak Whale Watching in Bay of Fundy?
The best time to go kayak whale watching in the Bay of Fundy depends on the specific species you hope to see. Here is a general guide to whale sightings in the Bay of Fundy:
Humpback Whales
Humpback whales can be seen in the bay from late spring to early fall, with peak sightings occurring in July and August. During this time, they visit the area to feed on the plentiful food resources.
Fin Whales
Fin whales are present in the bay during the summer and fall months, with peak sightings in August and September. They follow a similar pattern as humpback whales, taking advantage of the seasonal availability of food.
Minke Whales
Minke whales can be observed in the bay throughout the summer months, from June to September. They are more commonly seen near the coast and are known for their unpredictable behaviors.
North Atlantic Right Whales
The critically endangered North Atlantic right whales visit the bay primarily in the spring, from April to June. This period coincides with their migration from their winter breeding grounds to northern feeding areas.
What are the Kayak Paddling Conditions at Bay of Fundy?
The kayak paddling conditions at the Bay of Fundy can vary depending on the location, weather, tides, and currents. Here are some general considerations regarding paddling conditions:
Tides
The Bay of Fundy is world-reknown for its extreme tides, which can result in powerful currents and fast-moving waters.
Magnitude of Tides
In fact, the Bay of Fundy is famous for having the highest tides in the world, with tidal ranges reaching up to 16 meters (52 feet). This means that water levels can change significantly throughout the day, resulting in powerful currents and fast-moving waters.
Tidal Cycles
Tides at the Bay of Fundy follow a semi-diurnal pattern (2x-per-day), meaning there are two high tides and two low tides each day. The time between high tide and low tide is approximately 6 hours and 13 minutes.
Tidal Currents
The strong tides in the Bay of Fundy create powerful tidal currents, especially in narrow channels and areas with constricted passages.
These currents can be challenging to paddle against and require advanced kayaking skills and experience. It’s exceedingly important to assess your own abilities and consider the specific tidal currents in the area you plan to paddle.
Timing your Paddle
In Bay of Fundy, all plans are set with the tide schedule in mind.
Paddling during low tide or slack tide (when the tide is transitioning between high and low) can provide calmer conditions and less powerful currents.
It’s advisable to avoid paddling during peak tidal flow when currents are strongest, as this can make paddling challenging and potentially unsafe.
Weather
Like any coastal area, weather conditions can influence kayak paddling. It’s important to check the weather forecast and be prepared for changes in wind, waves, and visibility.
Fog is common in some areas, which can affect navigation and safety.
Swells and Waves
The Bay of Fundy can experience swells and waves, particularly in more exposed areas. But to reiterate, the Bay’s key signature is its significant and outsized tidal activity.
Water Temperature
The water temperature in the Bay of Fundy can vary throughout the year. It is generally cooler, especially in spring and early summer months where the average temperature ranges from 39-50 degrees (F).
Marine Traffic
The Bay of Fundy experiences marine traffic, although it is generally not as busy as some other major shipping routes. The bay serves as a navigation route for various vessels, including commercial ships, fishing boats, pleasure craft, and ferry services that connect the local coastal communities.
In addition to vessel traffic, there are also whale-watching tour boats and other recreational vessels operating in the Bay of Fundy. These boats are specifically engaged in observing marine wildlife, including whales, and can be seen in areas where whale sightings are common.
At Which Exact Locations Might I See Whales at Bay of Fundy?
Kayak whale watching in Bay of Fundy has proven to be particularly successful at the following locations:
Grand Manan Island
Located in the southern part of the bay, Grand Manan Island is known for its rich marine biodiversity and is a prime spot for whale watching. The waters around the island are frequented by several whale species.
Brier Island
Situated at the entrance of the Bay of Fundy, Brier Island is another popular whale watching destination. The waters surrounding the island provide opportunities to encounter different whale species, including humpback whales and fin whales.
Digby Neck
Digby Neck is a narrow peninsula that extends into the bay. It is a popular area for whale watching, particularly for observing North Atlantic right whales, which frequent these waters during certain times of the year.
St. Andrews-by-the-Sea
Located in New Brunswick near the border with Maine, the town of St. Andrews-by-the-Sea offers whale watching excursions in Bay of Fundy. These tours often provide opportunities to see humpback whales, fin whales, and other marine life.
Cape Split
Cape Split, located on the Nova Scotia side of the bay, is known for its scenic coastal cliffs and excellent viewpoints for whale watching. From this vantage point, you may have the chance to see whales swimming in the deeper waters of the bay.
Where are the Best Kayak Put-In Locations at Bay of Fundy?
St. Martins Sea Caves
This area is known for its stunning sea caves and rock formations.
45 Main St, St. Martins, New Brunswick
Hopewell Rocks
Kayaking around the iconic flowerpot rock formations at high tide offers a captivating perspective of the Bay of Fundy’s dramatic tides.
131 Discovery Rd, Hopewell Cape, New Brunswick
Cape Chignecto Provincial Park
Located on the Nova Scotia side of the bay, this park offers beautiful coastal scenery and opportunities for sea kayaking.
752 Cape Chignecto Rd, Advocate Harbour, Nova Scotia
Brier Island
Brier Island is a fantastic place for kayaking, with its diverse marine life and scenic coastline. Multiple access points are available.
(Brier Island, Westport, Nova Scotia):
Grand Manan Island
This island offers numerous spots for launching your kayak, allowing you to explore the waters surrounding the island and potentially encounter whales.
Grand Manan, New Brunswick
Digby Neck
The narrow peninsula of Digby Neck provides access to the Bay of Fundy and is known for its whale-watching opportunities. Various launch sites are available along the coastline.
Digby Neck, Nova Scotia
St. Andrews-by-the-Sea
This charming town provides kayak launch areas, allowing you to explore the bay’s coastal waters and potentially spot whales.
St. Andrews, New Brunswick
Alma Wharf
Located near Fundy National Park, the Alma Wharf offers a convenient launch point for kayakers to explore the bay’s scenic coastline.
66 Fundy National Park, Alma, New Brunswick
Parrsboro Harbour
This harbor provides a suitable spot for kayakers to launch and explore the waters of the Bay of Fundy.
Parrsboro, Nova Scotia
Long Island, Bay of Fundy
Access the bay from Long Island, enjoying the peaceful surroundings and potential wildlife sightings.
Long Island, Nova Scotia
Which are the Best Guided Kayak Whale Watching Tour Operators at Bay of Fundy?
Bay of Fundy Adventures
A full 5-6 hour day of kayaking in the Fundy Isles Archipelago. Home (or at least hotel) to whales, seals, eagles and more.
Lunch provided en route.
Minimum age:12
Kayaking experience: Recommended
All kayaking and safety gear included.
Price: $175 for 5-6 hours
1 (506) 833-2231
Kayak Fundy
The ‘Search for Matthew’s Head’ Tour is the company’s most popular guided kayak tour. The programme includes introductions, outfitting and dry-land training followed by three hours on the water.
Explore the coastline of Fundy National Park, including the local marine wildlife.
Minimum age: 12
Adult prices start at $90 of $275 for a family of four for a 3 hour tour (cue Gilligan’s Island theme).
1 (800) 545-0020
Seascape Kayak Tours
Seascape Kayak Tours offers kayak whale watching in the Bay of Fundy.
Specifically, the company offers a full-day, 6-7 hour tour of the West Fundy Isles. Expect to get up close (respectfully so) with seals, porpoises and on a good day, whales.
Mid-way through the trip, lunch is ‘creatively’ served on the beach.
Prices start at $165 for 6-7 hours.
1 (866) 747-1884
Adventure High
Explore the coastline of the Bay of Fundy on this 7-hour guided kayak tour. Be on the lookout for seals, porpoises, sea birds and hopefully whales.
All kayaking and safety equipment is provided.
Pricing starts at $165 for 7 hours.
1 (506)-662-3563
Are there Actual Whale Watching Rules I Should Know?
When kayak whale watching in the Bay of Fundy, you’ll benefit from learning a few simple rules and guidelines.
The Marine Mammal Regulations under the Fisheries Act in Canada provide rules for the protection of marine mammals, including whales, seals, and dolphins.
These regulations prohibit activities that may disturb, harm, or harass marine mammals, including approaching them too closely or making sudden movements that may disrupt their behavior.
The following are some key provisions:
Minimum Approach Distance
It is prohibited to approach marine mammals closer than 100 meters (328 feet) in most situations. This distance applies to whales, dolphins, and seals.
However, for endangered species like North Atlantic right whales, an even greater distance of 200 meters (656 feet) must be maintained.
No Disturbance or Harassment
The regulations prohibit any activity that may disturb or harass marine mammals. This includes actions that alter their behavior, disrupt feeding or nursing patterns, or cause unnecessary stress.
Speed and Direction
Vessels must approach and depart from marine mammals in a slow, cautious, and non-disruptive manner. Sudden changes in speed or direction should be avoided to prevent startling or disturbing the animals.
No Feeding or Attracting
It is prohibited to feed or attempt to feed marine mammals. Attracting them through the use of bait, decoys, or other means is also strictly forbidden.
Aircraft Disturbance
Aircraft, including drones, must maintain a minimum altitude of 304 meters (1,000 feet) when flying over marine mammals. This helps prevent unnecessary disturbance and potential collisions.
Capture or Tagging
Without proper authorization, it is unlawful to capture, tag, or physically interact with marine mammals.
Reporting Incidents
Any accidental injury, entanglement, disturbance, or other harmful interactions with marine mammals must be reported to the appropriate authorities as soon as possible.
In addition to the above official rules, responsible kayak whale watchers also accept and abide by the following additional whale watching guidelines:
Avoid Approaching Head-On
When approaching whales, do so from the side or rear rather than head-on. This minimizes the chance of startling or disturbing the whales.
Slow and Quiet Approach
Approach whales slowly and quietly, reducing engine noise and avoiding sudden movements. This helps create a calm and non-threatening environment for the whales.
Do Not Surround or Block Whales
Avoid encircling or surrounding whales with boats or kayaks. Allow them to swim freely and maintain their natural behavior.
Limit Viewing Time
Spend a limited amount of time observing any given group of whales. Prolonged or excessive observation can cause stress to the animals.
Be considerate and give other observers the opportunity to enjoy the experience as well.
No Feeding or Touching
It is prohibited to feed or attempt to feed the whales. Additionally, avoid touching the whales or attempting to make physical contact with them.
Minimize Noise and Disturbances
Keep noise levels low and avoid sudden loud noises that could startle or disrupt the whales. Turn off unnecessary equipment or devices that may cause underwater noise.
Follow Authorized Vessels
If you are on a guided whale watching tour, follow the instructions and guidelines provided by your tour operator. They are trained to ensure a safe and respectful experience for both participants and whales.
Where are the Areas I Can’t Kayak?
The Bay of Fundy is a fairly open location in terms of freedom of movement. Here are a few things to consider, though:
Grand Manan Basin Marine Protected Area
Located off the coast of Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick, this MPA was established to protect diverse marine habitats, including deep-water corals, sponge gardens, and important feeding areas for marine mammals.
Paddle in this area with particular care.
Cobscook Bay Area
This area, located in the western part of the Bay of Fundy along the coast of Maine, United States, includes various protected zones and wildlife management areas.
These areas aim to conserve critical habitats for marine species, including migratory birds, fish, and intertidal organisms.
Again, approach these areas with particular care.
What is Unique About Kayak Whale Watching in the Bay of Fundy?
Tidal Variability
As I noted earlier, the Bay of Fundy is well-known for having the highest tides in the world, with a tidal range that can reach up to 16 meters (52 feet).
In practical terms, this means that a location that you paddle on at high tide can become a location you walk on at low tide. As such, you need to plan for this unique phenomenon.
Also, as tidal currents change in direction and intensity, the location of nutrients changes as well.
Whale location is largely predicated on where they can find food. Follow the prevailing current for the best chance of spotting whales, as well as other marine wildlife.
(But do it safely. Tidal currents in narrow channels can be super-dangerous.)
Where are the big tidal currents located in the Bay of Fundy?
Minas Passage
Located between the Nova Scotia mainland and Long Island, Minas Passage claims some of the highest tidal currents in the world. The flow of water through this narrow passage creates tidal bores and whirlpools, making it an exciting but super-challenging area for kayakers.
The Minas Passage is also known as one of the most dangerous locations in the Bay of Fundy. Tidal currents can reach velocities of up to 20 knots (23 mph).
In addition to the tidal power and current velocity, what makes Minas Passage uniquely dangerous is the underwater hazards, difficulty navigating and limited escape routes.
Western Passage
The Western Passage, which separates Campobello Island (Canada) and Lubec, Maine (USA), experiences strong tidal currents. The constricted channel and the convergence of tides from the Bay of Fundy and Passamaquoddy Bay result in rapid currents and swirling eddies.
Quoddy Narrows
Quoddy Narrows, located between Campobello Island and Eastport, Maine, is another area where large tidal currents occur. The narrows serve as a natural funnel for the massive tides of the Bay of Fundy, leading to powerful and fast-moving currents.
Digby Gut
Digby Gut is a narrow channel connecting the Bay of Fundy with the Annapolis Basin in Nova Scotia. The strong tidal currents in this area can create turbulent waters, especially during peak tidal flows.
Cape Split
Cape Split, situated on the Nova Scotia side of the Bay of Fundy, experiences significant tidal currents due to its geographical configuration. The flow of water around the cape can generate swift currents, making it important for kayakers to be aware of the changing tide and plan their trips accordingly.
Feeding Frenzies
The Bay of Fundy serves as a feeding ground for many whale species due to its nutrient-rich waters. During certain times of the year, you might witness spectacular feeding frenzies where whales gather to take advantage of a marine-buffet of food options.
Whale Communication
Whales are highly social and communicative creatures. They use a variety of vocalizations, such as songs, clicks, and whistles, to communicate with each other.
Listening to their underwater sounds through hydrophones or underwater microphones can provide a uniquely immersive experience.
Weather Conditions
The Bay of Fundy can experience rapidly changing weather conditions, including fog, strong winds, and choppy seas. Stay informed about the weather forecast and be prepared with appropriate gear, including proper clothing, safety equipment, and a reliable communication device.
The Three Sisters Rock Formation
I’d be irresponsible to write a post about sea kayaking in Bay of Fundy and not mention the Three Sisters Rock Formation – even if the post is about whale watching.
The Three Sisters is a rock formation located the Minas Basin near Parrsboro, Nova Scotia. Still the Bay of Fundy, though.
It consists of three towering sea stacks that rise from the waters, creating a distinctive natural landmark. These sea stacks are remnants of coastal erosion, where the action of wind, waves, and tides has sculpted the softer rock layers, leaving behind pillars of harder rock.
The Three Sisters are known for their height and unique shapes. They are remnants of the eroded cliffs that once formed the coastline. Over time, the tidal forces of the Bay have shaped these striking rock formations.
The area around the Three Sisters is also known for its high and low tides, with some of the highest tides in the world.
During low tide, the bases of the sea stacks may be exposed, allowing visitors to walk around and explore the rocky shoreline. However, during high tide, the water can surround the stacks completely.
The Three Sisters rock formation is a popular attraction for visitors and photographers. If you want to take some dramatic pictures (that probably won’t include whales or marine life), this is the place.
What Should I Do if I’m Stuck in a Strong Tidal Current in Bay of Fundy?
If you’re kayak whale watching in the Bay of Fundy and find yourself stuck in tidal currents that are too strong for your abilities, it’s vital to prioritize safety.
Here’s what you should do:
Stay Calm
Easier said than done, right? It’s essential to remain as composed as possible. Panicking can impair your judgment and hinder your ability to make rational decisions. You’ll find a solution.
Assess the Situation
Evaluate the strength and speed of the tidal currents and your ability to maneuver your kayak. Consider the distance to a safe landing spot or shore. If possible, you’ll feel safer (and be safer) if you can make your way to land.
Paddle with the Current
If you’re unable to paddle against the current, it’s generally safer to paddle with the current until you can find a safe place to land or until the current subsides. Avoid paddling directly into the strong currents, as it can be physically demanding and potentially dangerous.
Seek Sheltered Areas
I’m not talking about a roof over your head. I’m talking about areas on the water that shield you from the impact of the tidal currents.
Look for coves, or protected bays where the tidal currents may be less strong. Paddle towards these areas to find relief from the strong currents and regain control over your kayak.
Land Safely
If possible, find a safe landing spot, such as a beach or calm shoreline. Attempt to land your kayak where the water is calmer and the currents are weaker.
Be cautious of any hazards, rocks, or submerged objects in the landing area.
Again, you’ll be safer and feel safer on land.
Wait It Out
If landing immediately is not possible, you may choose to wait for the tidal currents to change or weaken. Find a safe spot in the water, away from any hazards, and stay there until the current becomes more manageable.
Call for Assistance
If you feel unsafe or unable to navigate the strong currents, call for assistance. Use a waterproof communication device, such as a VHF radio or a cellphone in a waterproof case, to contact local authorities, fellow kayakers, or nearby vessels for help.
Parting Thoughts About Kayak Whale Watching in Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick
The Bay of Fundy is one of many great places to kayak whale watch. However, it’s unique due to it’s huge tides and diverse marine life.
With a little forethought and preparation, Bay of Fundy provides a wonderful opportunity to view whales (and other wildlife) up close and in their natural habitat.
Careful of those tides!!